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Mineral vs Chemical Sunscreen Sunscreen is important to protect your skin from any skin damage . UV light can damage your skin tissue and leads to skin cancer. Mineral and organic sunscreen are two different types of sunscreen based on its ingredients. It is important to understand the differences between mineral and chemical sunscreen.             Each type of sunscreen has a different way to protect your skin. The ingredients of mineral sunscreen (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) are small particles that will sit on the skin’s surface. Mineral sunscreen ingredients reflect the UV rays away from the skin. On the other hand, chemical sunscreen ingredients (oxybenzone, avobenzone, etc.) penetrates the top layers of the skin to absorb the UV rays into the skin. Once the UV rays absorbed, the chemicals in the sunscreen create a chemical reaction in which UV rays are converted to heat.             Mineral sunscreen is more stable than chemical sunscreen because the ingredients h

The Reasons Why People Need To Eat Plant Foods Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, vitamins, phytoestrogens, glucosinolates, and anthocyanins present in fruits and vegetables. There are many reasons why people need to eat plant foods to promote their health. The source of antioxidants can be found in plants, such as grapes, apples, tomatoes, etc. Th e process of oxidation in the human body damages cell membranes and other structures, including cellular proteins, lipids, and DNA. When oxygen is metabolized, it creates unstable molecules called ‘free radicals’, which steal electrons from other molecules, causing damage to DNA and other cells. A diet high in antioxidants may reduce the risk of many diseases, including heart disease and certain cancers. The body's immune system is designed to fight off threats, like infection-causing germs, through a process called inflammation. But a steady state of inflammation can lead to everything from diabetes to au

Spectroscopy When we have an unknown compound, we need to identify it with spectroscopy. Spectroscopy  is a general term used for the instrumental processes by which information about the molecular structure is obtained through careful analysis of the  absorption ,  scattering , or emission of  electromagnetic radiation  by compounds. Structure identification of compound can be divided into three types of spectroscopy based on the principles, such as ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Identification of the unknown compounds can be analyzed by using ultraviolet Spectroscopy. The ultraviolet spectrum of the unknown compounds will absorb in the UV-Vis wavelength range (λ maks ) . The spectrum will absorb at a given wavelength and this property is due to functional groups, conjugation, etc. UV-Vis can be used in a qualitative manner, to identify functional groups or confirm the identity of a compound by matching the absorbance spectrum. It ca

Isolation Curcumin from Turmeric Plant             Curcumin compound produced by Curcuma longa plant or we can call it turmeric. It has many scientifically-proven health benefits, such as the potential to prevent heart disease, Alzheimer’s, and cancer. It’s a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and may also help improve symptoms of depression and arthritis. A compound inside a plant can be isolated by using a specific step and method.             The first step is extraction by using the maceration and partition method. The turmeric roots need to be dried and powdered before start the maceration method. After getting that dried and powdered turmeric roots, soak it in the methanol at the room temperature and leave it for one night. Then evaporate the methanol extract to obtain a crude methanol extract. The next method is partition twice with different eluents. First partition with n-hexane and the second partition with ethyl acetate. The target compound will be found in the